Acoustic Emission Science Map by Muravin

Theory

AE phenomenon

Types of AE

Burst AE

Continuous AE

Macro-scopic sources of AE

Sources in crystalline materials

Crack growth

Fatigue

Corrosion fatigue

Thermal fatigue

Hydrogen embrittlement cracking

Stress corrosion cracking

Ductile crack propagation

Creep and creep fatigue cracking

Plastic deformation development

Fracturing and de-bonding of hard inclusions

Phase transformations

Twinning

Pitting

General corrosion

Sources in composites

Fiber breakage

Matrix cracking

Fiber-matrix debonding

Delamination

Fiber pull-out, relaxation

Friction

Sources in nonmetals

Microcracking

Gross cracking

Crazing

Other sources in nonmetals

Other sources

Pressure leaks; cavitation

Oxide and scale cracking

Friction

Loose parts, intermittent contact

Liquefaction and solidification

Micro-scopic sources of AE

Wave propagation

Wave modes

Wave propagation effects

Mode conversion, reflection and refraction

Wave velocity in material

Anisotropic propagation in composites

Structure boundary effects

Attenuation

Geometric attenuation

Dispersion

Scattering, diffraction

Effects of contained fluids

Attenuation due to energy loss mechanisms

Attenuation versus frequency

Interdependance between material properties and associated AE

Models of AE, Interdependance between fracture mechanics and AE parameters

Effects of AE

Dunegan corollary

Felicity effect and Felicity ratio

Kaiser effect

Knowedge base

Publications

Standards and procedures

Standards organizations

Standards and procedures types

Company-developed test procedures

Working with codes, standards and procedures

Developing and writing new AE standards and procedures

Training, examining and certification of AE personnel

Patents

Terminology

AE comunity and organizations

Technology

Equipment

Sensors

Sensing materials and their properties, piezo-electricity

Sensor types

Wideband flat response sensors

Resonant response sensors

Integral sensors

Single ended

Differential

Test environment considerations

Wave mode sensitivity

Special sensors (directional, mode responsive, accelerometers)

Sensors mounting techniques

Attachment devices

Coupling materials: selection and effective use

Waveguides: design considerations, effect on signal

Selection of sensors for specific applications

Sensors calibration

Methods and significance

Absolute and secondary calibration

Calibration equipment and calibration blocks

Reciprocity

Simulated AE sources

Lead break

Glass capillars

Piezoelectric transducers and associated electronics

Gas jet

Preamplfiers and cables

Cables

Cable types

Coaxial

Twisted pair

Multiscreened

Optical

Shielding and factors governing cable selection

Cable length effects and limtations

Noise problems in cables

Cables as transmission lines

Impedance matching

Connectors

Electronic noise

Preamplfiers types, gain, dynamic range

Measurement devices

Types of AE systems

Signal digitation, pre-processing, filtration

Signal processing

Hit detection techniques

Threshold types

Continous threshold independent data acquisition

Parameters of AE

Data displays

Purpose and value of different displays

Selection of displays

Accessory instrumentation

Noise and signal generators

Oscilloscopes

Applications

Examination procedure

Sensor placement methodologies

Field sensor calibration after installation

Selection of AE examination scheme

Loading procedure

Establishing appropriate loading procedures

Types of loading

Maximum test load

Load holds

Repeated and programmed loadings

Rate of loading

Test types

Hydraulic tests

High temperature/low temperature tests

Fatigue tests

Continuous monitoring

Tests in high noise environments

Managing background noise

Background noise types

Hydraulic noise

Mechanical noise

Cyclic noise

Electro-magnetic noise

Methods to handle noises

Electrical shielding and grounding

Frequency descrimination

Gain and/or threshold adjustment

Floating threshold

Acoustical insolation, prevention of friction

Guard channels

Rise Time and other parameter based discrimination methods

Results interpretation and evaluation

Noise filtering

Frequency based filtering

Hit parameters based filtering

Time-based filtering

Data evaluation

Data interpretation and flaw assessment

Examination report

Purpose

Content and structure

Flaw types

Examination approaches

Location of AE sources

Linear location

Zone location

Guard channels

Cross-correlation methods

Planar location

Modal and frequency based location methods

NDE confirmations and verifications

NDE methods fundamentals

Choice of appropriate NDE methods

Methods for comparision between AE and other NDE results

Application types

Common material studies

Crack growth

Stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement cracking

Dislocation movement in metals

Deformation mechanisms (composites)

Phase transformation and phase stability

Ductile/brittle transition

Creep

Corrosion

Fatigue tests

Rupture test

Common structural applications

Pressure vessels and storage tanks (metal and composite)

Piping and pipelines

Reactors

Bridges, tunnels, buildings

Leak detection and monitoring

Cranes and bucket tracks

Landslide, mines

Aerospace

Pumps, valves, etc.

Rotating machinery

Process control

In-process weld monitoring

Concrete drying

Phase transformations

Plant and laboratory safety regulations, hazards

Methods of data analysis

Basic statistics and random variables

Basic statistical concepts

Random variables

Expectation functions

Multi dimensional random variables

Random process

Spectral characteristics of a random process

Principles in estimation and fitting

Statistical testing

Statistical distributions

Stationary and no-stationary processes

Signal processing

Discrete time signal analysis

Data filtering

FFT spectral analysis

Pattern recognition

Classifiers

Feature extraction

Feature generation and dimension reduction

Clustering

Class separability measures

Source function determination by deconvolution/Green's

Wavelets

Neural networks

Technological advantages of AE and limitations

Material science

Materials

Material properties

Fracture toughness

Strength

Stress and strain (including triaxial, residual, thermal)

Elastic and plastic deformation

Dynamic behaviour

Materials constitution

Crystalline/noncrystalline

Isotropic/anisotropic

Metals/composites/other

Fracture mechanics

Fracture mechanisms

Parameters of fracture mechanics

Dynamic fracture mechanics

Manufacturing and processing

Weldments

Casting